Antibacterial Activity Comparison between the Fraction of Ethyl Acetate, Chloroform, and Methanol of Red Betel Vine (Piper crocatum) Leaves Ethanol Extract toward Salmonella typhi

Abstract

Background :Salmonella typhiisthe cause oftyphoidfeverdisease. This bacteria was reported to have resistance towards antibiotics at several areas in Indonesia. As an efforttoovercomethis resistance;; it is necessary to find a new drug. Rachmawaty (2009) reported that ethanol red betel leaves extract has antibacterial activity towards. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This research aims to compare antibacterial activity of ethanol red betel vine leaves extract fractions to Salmonella typhi. Method : The extract was made with maceration method using 70% solvent. It is fractionated with column vacuum chromatography method in sequence with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol solvent. The antibacterial activity is performed by serial dilution method and inoculates in Mac Conkey medium. The tested serial concentration was SO%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%. The antibacterial activity of each fraction was compared and the best fraction was identified using Thin Layer Chromatography and phytochemistry screening. Result : This study found that red betel vine leaves extract fraction with the best antibacterial activity was methanol. It had 25% b/v Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The identification result showed that methanol fraction contained saponin and flavonoid. Conclusion : The best antibacterial activity toward Salmonella typhi is found in methanol fraction from the ethanol extract of reci betel vine leaves. The compounds obtained in the fraction were flavonoid and saponin.