THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY IN AUTONOMOUS WEAPON SYSTEM UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

Abstract

Nowadays, a modern weapon system is more developed than before, for example are autonomous weapon system and remote weapon system, which included weapons such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV); and unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). However in late 2015, a problem was arise from autonomous weapon system; presently autonomous weapon system only consider as semi-autonomous weapon system, but there are many states with a modern technology which wanted to increase the “autonomous” characteristic in their weapon to satisfied the definition of autonomous weapon (fully autonomous weapon system). One of the way to increase autonomous characteristic is to applied artificial intelligence technology within autonomous weapon system; the nature of artificial intelligence which has capabilities to independently – without human intervention – learn, adapt, and making a decision. Problems was appeared in the use of artificial intelligence technologies in autonomous weapon system; since artificial intelligence weapon are categorizes as a new technology, it compliance with general principle of international humanitarian law is unclear and the legality of artificial intelligence-based weapon which capable to attack without any control from human. Present operation of weapon system which involving artificial intelligence are not intended to violates international humanitarian law, like CDM involvement in drone operation, it used to make an estimation of collateral damage raising from a weapon system, therefore the attacks did not violate general principles of international humanitarian law. Weapon developers are ought to determine the technical operation and impact of these weapon will comply with international humanitarian law, to realize that obligation, human control are become compulsory inside this weapon to make an unforeseeable event that would occur from this weapon become foreseeable, therefore a violation to international humanitarian law could be anticipated.