| dc.description.abstract | The growing use of digital platforms has altered how people in Indonesia enter into
everyday agreements, with many transactions now being formed through casual
chats, text messages, or social media. Although Indonesian civil law, through the
principle of consensualism, recognizes that agreements do not need to be written to
be legally binding, the lack of formal documentation often creates uncertainty,
particularly when a breach occurs. This research explores how unwritten
agreements function within the legal system and what forms of protection are
available for individuals harmed when such agreements are broken. Using a
normative legal research method supported by statutory, conceptual, and case
analyses, the study examines the Civil Code, the Electronic Information and
Transactions Law (UU ITE), the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), and relevant
case law. The results show that while unwritten digital agreements are valid,
enforcing them remains difficult due to proof limitations, inconsistent regulatory
oversight, and low public awareness of legal remedies. Insights from Islamic law
further highlight the importance of fairness, honesty, and compensation for losses.
The study concludes that improving evidentiary tools, strengthening consumer
safeguards, and expanding accessible dispute-resolution mechanisms are essential
to ensuring legal certainty in digital transactions. | en_US |
