| dc.description.abstract | Objective: Exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause
various skin problems, such as premature aging, hyperpigmentation,
and skin cancer. Saffron is known to contain antioxidants that can
help protect the skin from UV-induced free radical damage. While
there are many sun protection products on the market, only some of
these products can be effective in protecting the skin or might irritate
sensitive skin. Developing nanoemulsions of saffron extract can offer
a more efficient solution with better penetration into the skin layers,
ensuring more even distribution and more optimal protection.
Method: Nanoemulsion of the saffron extract was prepared using the
High-Energy Emulsification method where oil, surfactant, co-
surfactant, and extract were homogenized with the help of an
ultrasonic probe, then added distilled water and homogenized again
with the help of ultrasonic. Furthermore, it is characterized physically
by the stability test and sun protection test.
Results: The nanoemulsion of saffron extract with maceration
method has a thick consistency with a bit of fat, a distinctive aroma
of saffron, a milky orange color, and good homogeneity. The particle
size test results were 215.3 nm ± 18.69 with a polydispersity index
value of 0.4 PDI ± 0.0 and a zeta potential value of -14.7 mV ± 1.1
with a spherical morphology without aggregation. The freeze-
thawing cycle stability test results showed physical characteristics
that still met the reference values and 25, 50, 100, and 250 times
multilevel dilution testing. The UVB and UVA sun protection factor
test results showed a UVB value of 7.2 ± 0.6, categorized as
moderate, and a UVA protection value of 2.0 ± 0.1 with a PA+
category.
Conclusions: The saffron extract can be formulated using a
nanoemulsion delivery base and has a promising effect as sun
protection. | en_US |
