Polymorphism ESR a As Risk Factor of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (OM) in Javenese Menopausal Women of Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: Every year the number of patients with Diabetes Mellitus are increasing with the increasing age of women especially in menopause women. WHO predict the rising of the nt.tmber of patients with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia from 8.4 million by the year 2000 become 21.3 million by the year 2030. The increasing number of menopausal women who suffer from type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased levels of estrogen. Estrogen can stimulate insulin secretion, suppresses the production of glucose by the liver and increases the expression of GLUT-4, increased glucose uptake and protects pancreatic beta cells. The role of estrogen in the metabolism of glucose is dependent on estrogen receptor alpha expression that is regulated by estrogen receptor alpha gen (ESR o.). Pvull and Xbal polymorphisms in the ESR o. receptor will decrease the expression of ESR o. protein and may lead to decrease receptor activity, thereby increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in menopause women. This study aimed to c!3termine the ESR a polymorphism as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (OM) in menopause women of .Javanese in Indonesia .