Development of A Cloud-based School Management Information System Using Google App Script at SD Muhammadiyah Kadisoka

Abstract

Many schools in Indonesia continue to face obstacles in adopting digital administration systems due to limited infrastructure, financial constraints, and the absence of technical personnel. Consequently, daily operations often rely on fragmented paper records, offline spreadsheets, or government reporting platforms that do not support routine academic workflows. To address these limitations, this research designs and validates a cloud-based School Management Information System specifically for SD Muhammadiyah Kadisoka. The system uses a serverless architecture built on the Google ecosystem (Google Apps Script, Google Sheets, and Google Drive) to ensure zero-cost execution and minimal maintenance. Key features include role-based user management, automatic grade conversion, automatic unique-ID generation, document upload and archiving, dashboard visualizations, and automated WhatsApp notifications via the Wablas API which remove repetitive manual steps and reduce opportunities for human error. The study documents a specific platform limitation: Google Apps Script and Sheets impose execution time and concurrency quotas that affect long-running or highly concurrent operations; these constraints are technical platform limits (not limitations of the WhatsApp gateway) and are discussed with concrete mitigations. System validation employed black-box testing and the System Usability Scale (SUS) with 13 stakeholders, including administrators, teachers, and student guardians. Functional testing confirmed a 100% success rate across all specifications. The SUS evaluation yielded an average score of 74.77, indicating "Good" usability. Notably, internal school staff reported higher satisfaction (81.6) compared to guardians (72.75), highlighting the effectiveness of the system for administrative tasks while suggesting a need for user guidance for parents. The findings demonstrate that a serverless Google-based solution delivers a reliable, scalable, and affordable management system, providing a practical model for resource-constrained schools to streamline administration without requiring local servers.