Australia And Indonesia Cooperation in the Bali Process (2018- 2022): Explaining the Intensification of Efforts Againts Illegal Immigrants

Abstract

The issue of illegal immigration, which has led to modern slavery, technological crimes, and online fraud, persisted from 2018 to 2022, causing growing concern in Australia due to perceived threats to its national security and economic stability. This situation has been attributed to the lack of defense and enforcement in the Indo-Pacific region, including in transit countries such as Indonesia. This study aims to analyze how Australia’s strategic interests and domestic political dynamics shape the direction and intensity of its engagement in the Bali Process, using K.J. Holsti’s framework of international cooperation. The preliminary argument suggests that Australia’s strategic interests have driven it to intensify its efforts, as evidenced by the enhancement of the Regional Support Office (RSO). This research employs a qualitative method, utilizing both primary and secondary data sourced from interviews, official documents, books, academic journals, and organizational reports. The findings indicate that Australia’s strategic interests guide the nature of this cooperation, emphasizing principles of a rules-based order, burden sharing, and collective responsibility. These findings also show that defense relations between Australia and Indonesia have improved due to Australia’s increased commitment through joint military exercises, border maritime patrols, the development of operational guidelines, and financial support.