| dc.description.abstract | Disertasi ini membahas tentang pemikiran dan praktek hukum waris Maulana Syaikh dalam masyarakat Sasak. Fokus penelitian ini adalah konstruksi pemikiran hukum waris Maulana Syaikh, pengaruh pemikiran hukum waris Maulana Syaikh bagi masyarakat Sasak dan kontribusi pemikiran hukum Maulana Syaikh bagi pengembangan Hukum Islam.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Namun data lapangan yang bersifat sosiologis juga dibutuhkan untuk merekonstruksi pemikiran hukum waris Maulana Syaikh. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi.
Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa masyarakat (hukum) adat Sasak memiliki tiga pola pembagian waris a). Jika seseorang meninggal, maka yang berhak atas seluruh harta warisan adalah lelaki tertua dalam keluarga. Lelaki tertua tersebut bertanggung jawab atas seluruh kebutuhan adik-adiknya. b). Jika seseorang meninggal, maka anak laki-laki berhak atas penguasaan tanah dan rumah, sementara perempuan diberikan hak untuk memiliki perabotan rumah yang berupa barang pecah-belah. c). Pembagian warisan dilakukan sebelum meninggal dalam bentuk wasiat atau hibah. Hal ini seringkali tidak memperhatikan hukum Islam sebagai acuan. Hadirnya Maulana Syaikh dengan pemikiran hukum waris Islam menggeser secara perlahan praktek waris adat, yang pengaruhnya dapat dipetakan sebagai berikut, a). Pembagian warisan dilakukan sesuai hukum waris yang tertulis dalam kitab tuhfat al-ampena>niyyah. b). Pembagian warisan dilakukan sesuai hukum waris, namun pembagiannya dilakukan ketika masih hidup. c). Sebagian harta dihibahkan terlebih dahulu, sisa hibah dibagikan sesuai sistem waris Islam. d). Pembagian warisan dilakukan dengan metode hibah yang didasarkan perdamaian atau kesepakatan antar anggota keluarga. e). Pembagian warisan dilakukan melalui wasiat. Secara metodologis pemikiran dan praktek waris Maulana Syaikh mengikuti pola baya>ni namun praktisnya dalam masyarakat Sasak lebih banyak mempertimbangkan pola ijtihad maqa>sidi.
This dissertation discusses the legal opinion and practice of inheritance law proposed by Maulana Syaikh among Sasak community. This research focuses on the construction of the legal opinion of inheritance by Maulana Syaikh, the impacts of the legal opinion of inheritance by Maulana Syaikh for Sasak community, and the contribution of the legal opinion of inheritance by Maulana Syaikh for the development of Islamic laws.
This was a library research. However, this research also needed sociological field data in order to reconstruct the legal opinion of inheritance by Maulana Syaikh. The data collection was done through documentation, interview, and observation.
This research revealed that Sasak community has three patterns of distributing inheritance: a) If a person dies, the beneficiary who is entitled to all his wealth is the oldest son in his family. The oldest son who receives the wealth from the parents is responsible for all the needs of his younger siblings and families; b) If a person dies, his sons are entitled to lands and houses, while his daughters are entitled to any furnitures that are found in the house such as kitchen utensils and glassware; c) The distribution of inheritance is done before a person dies in the form of a will or grant. This often does not use Islamic laws as a reference. In fact, the presence of Maulana Syaikh with his legal opinion on inheritance based on Islamic law slowly replaced the practice of customary law whose impacts can be described as follows: a) The distribution of inheritance is done in accordance with the inheritance law written in a book tuhfat al-ampenaniyyah; b) The distribution of inheritance is done in accordance with the inheritance law, but the inheritance is distributed when a person is still alive; c) A part of the wealth is made as a grant, while the remaining is distributed in accordance with Islamic law on inheritance; d) The distribution of inheritance is done using a grant method in accordance with agreement among the family members; e) The distribution of inheritance is done using a will. Methodologically, Maulana Syaikh’s opinion and practice of inheritance refer to bayani pattern, but in practice, Sasak community tends to use ijtihad maqasidi pattern. | en_US |
