Immunostimulant Activity of Self-nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (Snedds) Loaded Zingiber Officinale In Male Wistar Rats Induced by Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract

Background: Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) can boosts immune system as it contains many active compounds, such as shogaol and gingerols. These major gingerols, which comprise 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol, have immunomodulatory activity. The solubility or bioavailability of ginger extract could be increased by formulating ginger Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) preparation. The formulation of ginger SNEDDS may improve the immunostimulant activity in the body. Objective: This study aims to examine how the immunostimulant activity of SNEDDS of Zingiber officinale affect the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in male Wistar rats induced by S. aureus. Method: This study used 25 animals divided into 5 groups. These are a base group, a negative control group, a positive control group, a ginger extract group, and a SNEDDS of ginger group. The rats were treated for 14 days and induced with S. aureus on the 15th day. Blood samples from the animals were taken on the Oth, 7th, 14th, and 15th days, then the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils was calculated using a haematology analyser. Data were analysed statistically using a two-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: two-way ANOVA test revealed there is no significant differences in lymphocyte (p>0.05) and there is significant differences in neutrophil parameters (p<0.05). SNEDDS of ginger has higher immunostimulatory action compared to the other treatment groups, as indicated by a steady rise in lymphocytes of about 12.50 х 103/µL after 14 days of therapy and an increase in neutrophils in rats provoked by S. aureus. Conclusion: SNEDDS of ginger is found to have an immunostimulant activity that enhances the number of lymphocytes in the first seven days of treatment and increase the number of neutrophils; however, no differences are found when an infection occurs.