Analisis manajemen risiko pelaksanaan pembangunan jalan tol tahap pra konstruksi (studi kasus: proyek konstruksi Jalan Tol Yogyakarta-Bawen)

Abstract

The construction of the Yogyakarta–Bawen Toll Road, spanning approximately 75.82 km, is part of Indonesia's National Strategic Projects aimed at enhancing interregional connectivity and reducing travel time between Yogyakarta and Semarang. In the pre-construction phase, various risks may arise, particularly related to land acquisition, regulatory compliance, and technical uncertainties. This research aims to identify and analyze significant risks during the pre-construction stage and propose effective mitigation strategies. A descriptive quantitative method was applied, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 40 respondents, including project managers, construction engineers, field supervisors, and consultants. Risk assessment was conducted using the HIRARC method (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control) and evaluated through a risk level matrix combining likelihood and impact scores. The findings revealed several high-risk factors, such as delays in land acquisition (with a high risk factor score), design misalignment with field conditions, regulatory uncertainty, and environmental or social conflicts. For instance, land acquisition delays were reported by over 80% of respondents, with a risk score exceeding 70%, classifying it as a high-level risk. Coordination issues among stakeholders and insufficient geotechnical data were also noted as contributing factors. To mitigate these risks, the study recommends enhanced multi-stakeholder coordination, the development of flexible Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) to improve planning accuracy and execution efficiency. The results offer a practical reference for risk management in similar toll road infrastructure projects across Indonesia, particularly during the sensitive preconstruction phase.